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Behind the Smiling Faces
By Renita Clark Cassidy and Alan Cassidy
Reviewed by Catherine K. Arveseth

An LDS Perspective on Marriage and Divorce

Behind the Smiling Faces is a new book, written by Renita and Alan Cassidy that yields a fascinating examination of marriage and divorce among Latter-day Saints.

A large percentage of marriages, including Latter-day Saint marriages, end in divorce. The Cassidys are among these statistics. Their project, which became Behind the Smiling Faces , began after the painful aftermath of their own failed temple marriages. In a church that believes in eternal marriage, they asked, why is it that many couples don’t stay together? And how does a person know when to marry or divorce?

These probing questions led to four years of research and over fifty interviews with credentialed professionals. Making no claim to be marriage experts, the Cassidys simply set out on a path of discovery to explore the reasons for their own divorces.

They asked prominent LDS experts to share what they have learned through education, careers, research, and personal experience. These professionals provide a straightforward discussion of gender differences, giving and receiving love, accountability, expectations, personality differences (and disorders), communication, physical intimacy, and selfishness, as well as tackling the heavy subjects of spousal abuse, pornography, homosexuality, and infidelity.

The Cassidys found that behind every smiling Latter-day Saint face are stories – some happy, some not. They also discovered “an alarming lack of preparation for marriage, as well as a lack of skills necessary for marital success.” The need for a truthful, in-depth look at LDS marriage and divorce fueled the authors’ desire to create this book. Paul Brandt, author of Alone But Not Lonely , described the Cassidys’ book as “long overdue.”

Renita and Alan became better acquainted while writing their book and eventually fell in love and were married. Behind the Smiling Faces is a book that can offer help to several audiences – those considering marriage, struggling in marriage, and those contemplating divorce.

A Cautionary Tale

I must state upfront that this book is not for the faint of heart. It is a cautionary tale of the most realistic sort. It is challenging, disturbing, and makes you uncomfortable. But it does provide an honest and open window into the lives of many faithful LDS individuals who have struggled to make marriage successful.

If you are looking for heart-warming stories, humor, and a slew of ideas on how to better your own spousal relationship, this is not the book. If you already have a satisfying and happy marriage, you may want to read it so you can help loved ones in difficult situations. I recommend it to bishops and other priesthood leaders who spend much time counseling and advising members. And if you are looking to marry, come to the book with faith and optimism, absorbing general guidance and advice, but maintaining a sense of encouragement and hope about marriage. It will help you manage your expectations. Without circumspection and vigilance, however, the numerous personal accounts in the book have potential to be discouraging.

Even the Cassidys offer a word of caution. They felt that several men and women from failed marriages in devastating destinations had voices that deserved to be heard. They explain,

Their stories are painful, even disturbing…why include them? If reading another’s experience helps an abused woman find the courage to save the lives of herself and her children or enables a man mired in pornography to seek help, how could we not include them? The particularly sensitive soul may choose to read just one or two of these accounts” (13).

I must have fallen into the “particularly sensitive soul” category because by the end of the book I wasn’t sure I could handle one more anecdote about a failed marriage or family.

But I did find the Q &A section with experts to be extremely helpful. These professionals offer informed perspectives that are eye-opening. Their counsel is pointed, and all of them seem to be living what they preach. They have happy marriages. But their success has not come without conscious effort and work. John L. Lund, PhD, who wrote the foreword states, “You either married your greatest challenge in life or gave birth to it.” He recommends the book for “every soul in search of hope and improved realistic expectations for happiness in this life.”

Exceptional Advice

Here are some bits of exceptional advice we don’t hear often enough. The language is conversational because it is taken directly from an interview setting. The excerpts are intended to give you an idea of the book’s content, as well as a sense of the realistic and candid way in which marriage issues are approached.

In a discussion about personality “colors” or types, Taylor Hartman, PhD, responds to the question below.

So all colors are compatible in marriage and it’s just understanding the differences?

Absolutely. You are born with your personality. It is not genetic. It is not your cultural history. It is your gift. You come with it in your core. It impacts marriage…some of the best marriages I know have difficult [personality] blends. But because of other dimensions they’ve added, they’ve been very successful. Other colors that have the easiest blend don’t do well at all. So never get caught up in believing a color [or personality type] is good or bad (17-18).

Hartman then points out that “charactered” people notice the good in personality types that are different from their own and try to adopt those traits. This makes a more well-rounded person, a person more likely to succeed in marriage.

In a chapter about learning marriage skills, Kenneth Matheson responds to this summary question.

Any final advice?

Pride is a big issue. Be humble. Just because something worked in your family of origin doesn’t mean that it’s going to work in your current family. Learn from the past, but don’t live in it. Let the past influence you, not determine you. You’re not justified in doing anything negative, just because it happened to you. It is empowering to say, “I can change. I can do things differently.” When two people say, “I’ll do whatever it takes to make the marriage work,” you’re going to have the marriage work. But it takes two to do it. Ask the Lord to be part of that effort. Say your prayers together, hold family home evenings. Swallow your pride, and realize that the Lord wants your marriage to succeed (54).

In a discussion with Brent Barlow, PhD, about why marriages fail, Barlow explains the following.

What are the major reasons that marriages fail?

Michele Weiner-Davis states that the expectation of perfection is the first step towards divorce…We expect too much and we expect it too soon. It’s a major contributing factor, particularly for newlyweds…Weiner-Davis [also] says that stress is the number-one killer of marriages in the United States. We’re just busy and we’re tired. We don’t have time for each other or our families…school, work, children, sometimes church activities start pulling on your time, and many start drifting apart. You have to do something almost daily to overcome the drift. If you’re not aware of the float and don’t stop it, you can end up as “married singles” (87-88).

Is there justification for some marriages to be terminated?

Absolutely. It is estimated that 30% of divorces are warranted because of abuse, neglect, or threat of life. They should be ended. We have concern about the other 70%. Should those couples work on their marriages and try to stay together? Christ noted that fornication and adultery were justifiable reasons for divorce (see Matt. 19: 3-9). He also told Peter, “Whatsoever ye shall loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven” (Matt 18:18). Jesus knew that times of loosening would be necessary during mortality. I think we are past the idea that you stay together at all costs. Sometimes the costs are too great (89).

It is estimated that half of all women in the United States have been assaulted or abused by their husbands or boyfriends, and that every fifteen seconds a woman is beaten in America (McCann & Wagner, 1994). That is halting information. In an interview with Betty McMaster called “Silent Screams,” the Cassidys ask some poignant questions.

[Can] spouses enable the abuser, thus contributing – even unwittingly – to their own abuse?

That’s a very definite no. The abuser will abuse the victim regardless of her behavior. The problem is not in the victim, and it’s important that we never imply that it is. Yes, some victims become very enabling because of Stockholm syndrome (sympathetic feelings towards their abuser) or brainwashing, but research indicates that abusers actually prefer to partner with strong women with strong wills rather than passive or enabling women (72).

The Cassidys go on to discuss why some LDS women stay with abusive men. McMaster sites three reasons: 1-For the children. 2- Because they were married in the temple, made covenants, and thus can forgive a great deal. 3 – Fear. McMaster also talks about warning signs that may indicate future abuse.

A few of the warning signs are: jealousy (it’s a sign that the abuser wants to own you, not love you), insecurity, stalking, rigid sex roles, hypersensitivity over everyday common irritations (like traffic), cruelty to animals, verbal abuse, cursing, unrealistic expectations, blaming other people for his feelings (“It’s all your fault because you made me so mad”), blaming others for failures, and unpredictable mood swings. From charm to rage (71).

This final excerpt is from an interview with Matt Townsend, a divorce mediator.

What do you think are the most destructive forces in a marriage?

The most destructive forces in a marriage are the people who don’t have the eternal well-being of each other in their heart. The fastest way to destroy a marriage is to be selfish. I can predict the speed with which they’ll deteriorate based on the heart of the individuals. If I had two people who can become selfless, or even try to be, I will find a couple that can last. The single most destructive force is selfishness. It’s pride. It’s shortsightedness, giving up eternity for today (105 -106).

In general, the book helps readers recognize the crucial elements to making marriage work, what red flags to look for before marriage, and, most importantly, how to seek the Spirit in making final decisions – whether to marry, stay in a marriage, or end a marriage. Each contributor points out that God knows best when it comes to relationships. Sometimes a marriage that appears unsalvageable, remains intact and improved when two partners pray, follow the inspiration received, and commit to change.

In Retrospect

In their concluding chapter, the Cassidys report what they learned during the course of writing Behind the Smiling Faces . Here are some of there observations.

We have learned that marriage is different for every couple and that every marriage is different every day. Moods may alter without explanation. Circumstances can shift within seconds. Despite the dedicated application of gospel principles, there is no magic formula for – and really no such thing as – a perfect marriage, though each spouse giving 100% is key.

We confirmed that checking off “The List” – temple marriage, prayer, church attendance, etc. – does not guarantee a happy marriage or a celestial marriage. While doing these things gives us structure and guidance and can get us on the right track – they are not a fail-proof prescription for marital success.

What became most apparent is the absolute need for oneness in marriage, despite individual differences. We have seen that personality differences (not to be confused with personality disorders) are normal and natural. Gender differences are obvious and often frustrating, but are not without purpose. Elder Richard G. Scott explained, “Our Heavenly Father endowed His sons and daughters with unique traits especially fitted for their individual responsibilities and they fulfill His plan…Indeed a husband and wife are not two identical halves, but a wondrous, divinely determined combination of complementary capacities and characteristics.”

It has become obvious from our experts and the personal stories of marriage and divorce that all thoughts of me must be replaced with we…time and again we’ve seen the heartache and anguish of spouse and children when selfishness ruled – and ruined – the relationships…The Spirit of the Lord – so essential to family unity and happiness – cannot dwell in selfish environments (260-261).

Behind the Smiling Faces is a book that needed to be written. Although troubling and difficult in much of its subject matter, it is an honest and truthful perspective. It has potential to help many individuals get appropriate professional help or make changes on their own. It will act as guide to improving mediocre marriages and as aid to singles in their quest to find the right person to marry. I am glad I spent time in its pages discovering and reinforcing gospel truths, that if applied, can make marriage the most joyous journey now and for eternity.

A special thanks to Renita and Alan Cassidy for taking on such a challenging project and for candidly sharing their path of personal discovery with us.

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